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Showing posts with label control. Show all posts
Showing posts with label control. Show all posts

Strategic Learning: A practical guide to strategy development and execution

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Regular readers of this blog will know just what a complex and multifaceted subject business strategy can be. For those without the time to study the subject in all its guises, actually getting on with the job of developing and executing business strategy can be a daunting task.

That is why I wrote my first eBook:

Strategic Learning: A practical guide to strategy development and execution

In it, I distil what I believe are the absolutely essential steps and considerations for developing and executing a business strategy which creates real value, rather that one that sits on the shelf collecting dust.

You can download your free copy now.

I'd love to know what you think. Please feel free to leave your feedback in the comments below.

Getting the most out of KPIs

There are two old adages, "You can't manage what you can't measure" (from Peter Drucker) and "What gets measured gets done" (provenance unknown) which apply as much to strategy as to most other things.

That is why I always advocate that you articulate your strategy all the way through to measurements (and targets).

A simple wat to do this is to translate your strategy and vision into goals, break those goals down into SMART objectives, and create measurable KPIs and targets to describe those objectives.

What sounds simple in theory can be extremely difficult in practice, and I see a lot of companies give up altogether, or build dashboards out of the data that is readily to hand whether or not it describes their strategy.

Type of KPIs

In addition, not all KPIs are created equal.

For example, you get:
  • Quantitative KPIs: represent things you can measure using some unit of measurement. Examples include Sales (measured in units sold) or Sales Revenue (measured in monetary terms).
    • Synthetic KPIs: are a subset of Quantitative KPIs where instead of measuring something, you create a score which may be a composite of a range of measureable phenomena. For example, Google's PageRank is a synthetic score calculated for a web page based on the PageRank of every page linked to it combined with an authority score for the author of the page. Net Promoter Score (or "NPS") is another example calculated using a defined formula determined from customers' answers to a simple question.
  • Qualitative KPIs: represent things you can categorise and rank. Examples include high, medium and low or variants thereof, or initiatives which are recorded as moving through stages (initiation, analysis, design, development, testing, deployment live, etc.)
  • Binary KPIs: represent things that either are or are not. Examples include initiatives which are shown as being on track (or not), or complete (or not).

Information Content

Different KPIs provide different amounts of information content. Quantitative KPIs, especially very granular ones, tend to have the highest information content. Qualitative KPIs have less information content: if a KPI is high, how high is it? If it still high in the next measurement period, is it higher or lower than it was the previous time? Likewise, if a KPIs shows a stage in a process, how close is it to moving to the next stage? Unidirectional binary KPIs contain the least amount of information: for an example, an initiative is not done, right up until the point it is done, after which it can never be not done again - it will ever only yield exactly one bit of information.

For this reason, I always prefer quantitative KPIs over qualitative KPIs, and I avoid binary KPIs, especially unidirectional binaries, as much as is humanely possible. Invariably, I find that qualitative KPIs and binary KPIs can be translated into quantitative KPIs, but that is perhaps a subject for another post.

Objectivity and verifiability

A second consideration in selecting PKIs is how objective and verifiable they are. For example, quantitative KPIs which come directly from a business's independently audited financial statements tend to be quite objective (although not always very strategic).

Subjective measures can be made more objective (and often more quantitative at the same time) by average the opinions of large numbers of people (this is how Net Promoter Scores work, for example).

Qualitative or binary KPIs based on one person's (or a small group's)  opinion, on the other hand, are much more open to bias. I am sure we have all seen initiatives declared as complete by politically motivated sponsors when everyone knows that key outcomes have not been delivered.

Including projects on strategy scorecards

As a category, KPIs for the completion of projects deserve special mention. I am personally not a fan of including these in strategy scorecards because (1) the usually have low information content (as outlined above), (2) quickly become political and subjective (also as outlined above) and (3) you either clutter your scorecard by including every initiative in the organisation, or are forced to make subjective choices about which to include and which to exclude.

Much better I believe, is to focus the strategy scorecard on the strategic outcomes to be achieved by the projects. This has the added benefit of rewarding agile projects which deliver some benefits early, over higher risk 'big bang' projects which backend all of the benefits and which are problematic in their own right. As a side note, if part of the organisation's strategy is to improve its execution / project delivery capability, then I think there are more than enough quantifiable capability metrics that can be aggregated across all projects.

Conclusion

KPIs are powerful enough to make or break a strategy, and they are notoriously difficult to get right. They can be used to minimise the interference from (corporate) politics, and drive execution. Extreme care and diligence should be applied when setting them.

Using online business strategy development and execution tools to increase collaboration

The digital revolution is transforming almost every aspect of almost every business. As strategists, it is important to remain abreast of these trends in order to be able to advise our employers or clients appropriately.

But there is one aspect of the digital revolution we often overlook. And that is how digital can change the way we do strategy itself.

Most strategy processes still boil down to circulating large Powerpoint decks or Word documents by email. Just like we did 30 years ago.

Fortunately, that is now starting to change. StratNavApp.com is an online business strategy development and execution tool designed to:

  • ensure best practice,
  • improve consistency,
  • increase collaboration, and
  • leverage the power of AI in your strategy processes.

StratNavApp.com is arranged around a unique Strategy Board. This brings together the 4 core stages of the strategy development and execution cycle:

  1. Analysis
  2. Articulation
  3. Planning
  4. Control

Analysis

The Analysis module is all about understanding the current situation and anticipated future(s). This includes the organisation's

  • operating model: capabilities, strengths and weaknesses,
    as well as its
  • operating environment: competition and industry forces and trends.

This understanding provides the WHY of your strategy.

StratNavApp provides a number of tools for doing this, such as:

  • The Business Model Canvas. Summarise exactly how the business works (Learn more.)
  • Porter's Value Chain analysis. Understanding how the organisation uses its operating model to create value. (Learn more.)
  • McKinsey 7S analysis. Understand the internal factors which lead to success. (Learn more.)
  • PESTEL analysis. Understand the Political, Economic, Socio-economic, Technological, Environmental and Legal trends. (Learn more.)
  • Porter's 5 Forces analysis. Understanding the forces that shape competition in your industry. (Learn more.)
  • Strategy Canvas. Compare and contrast how different competitors win customers. Differentiate your the organisation from the rest of the market. (Learn more.)
  • BCG Matrix. Understand how different products and services in a portfolio contribute value. (Learn more.)
  • SWOT analysis. Summarise the organisation's Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. (Learn more.)
  • Scenario Analysis. Deal with uncertainty. (Learn more.)

The different models are all integrated behind the scenes where this makes sense. For example, the insights generated in the other tools will automatically show up in your SWOT analysis. You can also attach them to processes in the Value Chain analysis, etc.

Articulation

The Articulation module is where you express WHAT your strategy is. StratNavApp.com allows you to articulate your

  • Vision, 
  • Mission and 
  • Values. 

You can also set your strategic

  • Goals,
  • Objectives, 
  • Key Performance Indicators (KPIs),
  • Targets and Actual Results
using a Balanced Scorecard framework.

The Scorecard provides a useful summary of your Goals, Objectives KPIs and Targets. (The scorecard is in the Control quadrant.) It also helps you identify any gaps in your strategy.

The Strategy House provides a handy summary of your strategy. This is particularly useful for communication.

Planning

The Planning module allows you to map out exactly HOW you plan to deliver your strategy.

Initiatives move through various stages, such as proposal, approval, delivery and completion.

You can also organise your Initiatives in:

  • a timeline or Gantt view. 
  • a Three Horizons view, helping to ensure you strike the right balance between short, medium and long-term activities.
You can link Initiatives back to the Goals they support. And you can capture Cost and Benefit details.

The Goal/Initiative Matrix allows you to map your Initiatives to your Goals. It highlights

  • any Initiatives which don't explicitly support your Goals, or
  • any Goals which don't have any initiatives supporting them.

The Initiative RASCI helps you to ensure that the right people are involved in the right initiatives in the right roles.

The Initiative/Scenario Matrix helps you test the robustness of your initiatives against the uncertainties you identified in the Analysis phase.

Control

The Control module runs across the other modules. It provides tools to assist in the development and execution of your strategy. To make sure it actually gets done!

A RAID log allows you to record Risks, Actions, Issues and Decisions. You can also link these to your to the appropriate items within the other three modules. (Learn more.)

You can also record Stakeholders. These are either Individuals, Organisations or Generic Groups. Using a RASCI framework, you can map them as being either Responsible, Supporting, Accountable, Consulted or Informed for Goals, Initiatives or Actions.

The Meeting Manager allows you to plan and record all of your meetings. You can record which Stakeholders participated in which meetings. You can also record Agendas, Minutes, Actions and Decisions. The Actions and Decisions are automatically included in the RAID log. You can also then link them back to the relevant Insights, Goals and Initiatives, etc.

Lastly, the Scorecard provides a graphical summary of all of your KPI's Target and Actual Results. This allows you to easily track if your strategy is delivering. You can also feed this back into the ongoing Analysis and refinement of your strategy.

Collaboration

Collaboration is baked into StratNavApp at every step along the way.

To invite someone into your strategy project, simply enter their email address. StratNavApp will then email them with appropriate instructions which will then link them to your project. Only people you invite can see your strategy projects.

All changes are recorded, using a familiar legal red-lining approach where applicable. They also timestamped together with the author who made them. So you'll always know who did what and when. There is also a handy notes feature allowing teammates to annotate and comment on any element of your strategy. This ensures that all collaboration around your strategy remains attached to the strategy content to which it relates. No more trawling through email archives and old versions of documents to remember who said what when!

Once a day, StratNavApp will email you a summary of all the changes and notes your teammates have made, ensuring you're always up to date and engaged in the conversation.

Reporting, Search, File Archive & Multi-device

The Reporting module enables you to extract a snapshot strategic plan at any stage in your journey. Because it is a dynamic snapshot at a point in time, your strategic plan truly becomes a "living document", not an annual report which just sits on the shelf until next year.

You can also export your strategy plan into Strategy Markup Language (StratML). StratML is the ISO Standard XML Schema for Strategy and Performance Plans and Reports.

Your projects are also fully searchable, and available from any device connected to the internet, be it a PC, laptop, tablet or smartphone.

And you can upload files/documents and attach them to your analysis and initiatives. So the industry report you needed is always right there when you need it. And the business case spreadsheet is always attached to the initiative.

Give it a go, NOW

StratNavApp is free to use for up to three projects. If you want to do more than three projects, there is a subscription version available for a small monthly fee. Enterprise licenses are also available.

Why not click here to give it a go, now?

Five things running taught me about business strategy

I love running. There is something elegantly simple about it. You can do it almost anywhere and with very little equipment. And it's something that we, as humans, have evolved to do over hundreds of thousands of years.

But what does running have to do with strategy? At least five things, I think.

1. Thinking about running

Despite its elegant simplicity (left foot, right foot, repeat...) there is an almost infinite variety of different ways in which people approach running. 

One only has to look at the number of books written on the subject to see this.

Training for and running a 5km race is very different from training for and running a 100-mile race. Road races are different from trail races (as well as all manner of 'adventure' races).

And there is:

  • running form,
  • cadence,
  • a seemingly infinite variety of different types of training runs,
  • cross-training,
  • hydration,
  • nutrition (both in general and while running),
  • warm-up and recovery,
  • dealing with injuries,
  • mental preparation,
  • race tactics, 
  • a huge variety of different types of shoes,
  • specialist clothing for all conditions,
etc., to consider.

And so most runners know that to progress beyond a certain level you need to approach running strategically. Just like in business, progressing as a runner requires that you:

  1. Study and understand what makes a great runner - see running form, cadence, etc. listed above.
  2. Understand your own strengths and weaknesses, both physically and mentally.
  3. Have clear goals of what kind of runner you want to be. What distances you want to run and on what type of terrain. How competitive versus social you want to be. Focus is essential.
  4. Understand your circumstances relative to those goals. This includes other time commitments, access to the type of terrain you want to run and other such resources.
  5. Develop a clear plan of how you intend to achieve your goals, taking your strengths, weaknesses and circumstances into account.
  6. Execute that plan with discipline and diligence. Even when it's cold and wet out. Adapting around all the other distractions of life that inevitably intervene from time to time.
  7. Track your progress and adjust your plans as you go. Nothing ever goes exactly to plan.

I started running relatively late in life. At the time, I could barely run 2km without collapsing in a puffing and panting heap. All I wanted to do was get a little fit. However, as I gained a basic level of fitness, I started to think about running more strategically (as I eventually do with most things in life!) Eventually, a few short years later, I ended up running a 50-mile trail ultra-marathon.

When I started running, I knew nothing about ultra-marathons. I certainly would never have imagined I could ever actually run one. Running has taught me that:

With thought and insight, planning and preparation, and discipline in execution, people and businesses can achieve almost unbelievable things. (Tweet this!)

2. Thinking while running

Running, particularly longer distances, gives you lots of time to think. There is something meditative in the simple and repetitive motion of running. It clears your head. Some runners like to use headphones and music to pass the time while running. But I usually avoid this, preferring just to be present in the activity.

I've done some of my best thinking while running. Being unable to take notes or start acting on my thoughts immediately, leaves me free to think more deeply than I otherwise might. And, of course, after a run, I come back to the world with a clearer head. I am more ready than before to tackle whatever the day demands.

Sometimes you can get so close to a seemingly intractable strategic problem that you can no longer see the forest for the trees. (Tweet this!) 

When that happens, it is useful to have a way to step back from the problem. To change your mode of thinking. To give yourself enough space to see things differently. Sometimes, the simple act of going for a walk around the block is enough. Other times you need something more. And with most things in life, practice makes perfect.

3. Learning to dig deep

No strategy is ever plain sailing. As Machiavelli said, "It must be considered that there is nothing more difficult to carry out nor more doubtful of success nor more dangerous to handle than to initiate a new order of things." Executing strategy takes hard work and often long hours. The circumstances are often emotionally charged. Let's face it - it can be draining at times.

Long distances running teaches you to remain focused up to and beyond the point of total exhaustion.

Physical and mental fitness are a key determinant of success in business as much as they are in running. (Tweet this!)

4. Being flexible

Let's face it: things don't always go according to plan. No matter how well you prepare, things still go wrong on a run. Anything from bad weather, to a dodgy prawn the night before, to blisters, chafing or other injuries, to getting lost on the trail, can threaten your run.

With experience and foresight, you can anticipate and avoid many issues. You can carry a waterproof jacket and mobile phone case. You can eat only tried and tested safe meals leading up to a race. You can wear twin-skin socks. You can carry a map and compass, etc. Other times, you have no choice but to bail out of a run early. This can be heartbreaking if its a race you've spent months preparing for!

Training, also, may not go according to plan. Work and family commitments, illness, etc. can call get in the way.

The key, in running as in business, is preparation, anticipation AND flexibility. Bake those into your plans. Don't treat them as an afterthought AFTER things don't go according to plan.

Bake preparation, anticipation and flexibility into your plans, not AFTER things don't go according to plan. (Tweet this!)

5. Remembering to have fun

There is a certain physical pleasure you get from pushing your body beyond its limits. There is also the satisfaction you get from achieving things you couldn't do before. And there is joy in just being outside and on the trails. You get the best views, I believe, by running to the top of the hill. I've seen some spectacular sights when out running. I've observed the changing seasons in the forest more keenly than I otherwise would have.

They say it's important to stop and smell the flowers from time to time. Running affords me a unique opportunity to do so.

Of course, there have been early morning training runs, when it's cold, dark and wet outside. Times when I've had to remind myself that I enjoy running. But at the end of the day, I know I'd never have kept it up if I didn't enjoy it as an activity in itself and because of the sense of achievement I've gotten from it.

And I think it is the same with business strategy also. As noted above, it can be physically and mentally draining. If you don't enjoy the process, and if you aren't intrinsically motivated by what you're trying to achieve, it will be hard, if not impossible, to keep performing at your best. 

Indeed, one might question whether struggle without enjoyment makes any sense at all. (Tweet this!)

So whatever business you're in, and whatever strategy you're pursuing, make sure it is something that brings you some joy. And in the difficult times - for they will come - make an effort to keep some fun in the process.

I am no running coach, but I am a strategy consultant. For a confidential conversation about how I could help your business, please contact me.

See also:

6 tips for how to pick the best KPIs for your strategy

Following on from my previous post on 4 types of bad strategies and how to avoid them, I came across this video on 6 tips for how to pick the best KPIs for your strategy from Jeroen de Flander. I would highly recommend giving it a watch.


You can specify KPIs, linked to your strategic goals, and then capture target and actual values for them, and view them all on a simple and clear dashboard in StratNavApp, the free collaborative tool for strategy design and execution. Why not give it a try now?

Implementing strategy is hard work - but you can get out of it

I've been involved in strategy for long enough to know that formulating and implementing it is almost always hard work. (Although hard work which is so rewarding never seems quite that onerous!)

Over the years I've seen a large number of people avoid the hard work of strategy implementation by employing a simple little trick. When presented with a new strategy and asked to commit to delivering it, They simply say:
That's a really great strategy and I'm totally behind it. Even better, what I'm already doing is already totally aligned with the new strategy.
It's a great get out because you get to appear to be enthusiastic, part of the team and forward-looking. But you don't actually have to do or change anything.

The catch is, of course, that it's a dangerous fallacy. Albeit an extremely seductive and perversely comforting one.

There are three ways in which it could be true:
  1. What you do is not impacted by the strategy, nor does it impact the strategy. That may be true, but it's probably not a good omen for your continued job security!
  2. Previously, you were actually doing something which did not support the old strategy, but which by some extraordinary coincidence actually completely supports the new strategy. I guess such an extreme coincidence is at least theoretically possible. But you've just admitted you hadn't been a supporter of the previous strategy. And you've just attributed the fact that you are supporting this one to blind luck. That's probably not the impression you thought you were creating.
  3. You don't really understand the new strategy and how it is different from the old one. (Or perhaps it isn't - but that's a problem for another day.) Sooner or later, you will be found out!
No. The only way to deliver strategy is to take a long hard look at everything you currently do, and consider how at least some of it should change. Hard work that may be, but it's also what make strategy so exciting.

photo credit: One Way Stock via photopin cc

Control Processes in the Strategic Learning Cycle

Once you've articulated your strategic vision, objectives and values, and crafted your implementation plan of action, the fourth phase in the Strategic Learning Cycle is to control your execution.

The strategic control framework usually consists of 4 components:
  • Measurement: the first level of control is to measure whether you are achieving your strategic objectives - see How to measure success against strategic vision and objectives . Measurement also provides the data on which the other 3 components depend.
  • Risks and Issues Management: your measurement system should help you to monitor the risks to your strategy and identify any issues as early as is possible.
  • Feedback: identified issues provide feedback. The Strategic Learning Cycle provides 2 feedback loops. The first loop returns to planning and implementation - plans are adjusted and efforts are redoubled, but the strategy itself remains unchanged. The second feedback loop returns to analysis - if the conditions on which the original analysis was based are found to not have been true or to have changed, then reworking the analysis may lead you to change the strategy itself.
  • Governance: finally it is important to have a good governance framework in place. This ensures that the right information reaches the right people at the right time, and empowers those people to use it to make decisions in a suitably transparent manner. (By contrast, poor governance suppresses or obscures information and allows decisions to be made based on special interests.)